The Tigris River of Ancient Mesopotamia

The Tigris River is one of two main rivers of ancient Mesopotamia, what is today modern Iraq. The name Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers, although perhaps it ought to mean the land between two rivers and a delta. It was the marshy lower ranges of the conjoined rivers that truly served as a cradle for the earliest elements of the Mesopotamian civilization, the Ubaid, in approximately 6500 BCE. Of the two, the Tigris is the river to the east (towards Persia, or modern Iran) while the ​Euphrates lies to the west. The two rivers run more or less parallel for their entire length through the rolling hills of the region. In some cases, the rivers have a rich wide riparian habitat, in others they are confined by a deep valley such as the Tigris as it rolls through Mosul. Together with their tributaries, the Tigris-Euphrates served as the cradle for the latter urban civilizations that evolved in Mesopotamia: the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. At its heyday in the urban periods, the river and its human-constructed hydraulic systems supported some 20 million inhabitants. Geology and the Tigris The Tigris is the second largest river in Western Asia, next to the Euphrates, and it originates near Lake Hazar in eastern Turkey at an elevation of 1,150 meters (3,770 feet). The Tigris is fed from snow which falls annually over the uplands of northern and eastern Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. Today the river forms the Turkish-Syrian border for a length of 32 kilometers (20 miles) before it crosses into Iraq. Only about 44 km (27 mi) of its length flows through Syria. It is fed by several tributaries, and the major ones are the Zab, Diyalah, and Kharun rivers. The Tigris joins the Euphrates near the modern town of Qurna, where the two rivers and the river Kharkah create a massive delta and the river known as Shatt-al-Arab. This conjoined river flows into the Persian Gulf 190 km (118 mi) south of Qurna. The Tigris is 1,180 miles (1,900 km) in length. Irrigation through seven millennia has changed the course of the river. Climate and Mesopotamia There are steep differences between maximum and minimum monthly flows of the rivers, and the Tigris differences are the sharpest, nearly 80 fold over a period of a year. The annual precipitation in the Anatolian and Zagros highlands exceeds 1 meter (39 inches). That fact has been credited with influencing the Assyrian King Sennacherib to develop the worlds first stone masonry water control systems, some 2,700 years ago. Did the variable water flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers create the ideal environment for the growth of the Mesopotamian civilization? We can only speculate, but there is no doubt that some of the earliest urban societies blossomed there.   Ancient Cities on the Tigris: Baghdad, Nineveh, Ctesiphon, Seleucia, Lagash, and Basra.Alternate Names: Idigna (Sumerian, meaning running water); Idiklat (Akkadian); Hiddekel (Hebrew); Dijlah (Arabic); Dicle (Turkish). Source Altinbilek D. 2004. Development and management of the Euphrates–Tigris basin. International Journal of Water Resources Development 20(1):15-33.

Questions On Second Counseling Session - 964 Words

Second Counseling Session: In this session, I explained to my client that I would do some physical assessment by gathering his anthropometric data which includes his actual weight and height and weight circumferences. The anthropometric data will help me and Mr. William to set the goal. How far he would like to go and also it would be useful tools to measure the success of the strategies. It was an entertaining experience because my client joke a lot about his weight, waist and body composition. It is beneficial for me because he made the process more relax. According to the Hamwi method and BMI table, he is considered as an overweight individual. His IBW percentage is 119% and BMI of 27. From his physical profile, Mr. William does not look overweight since he does not have much visceral fat. He is an apple shape man and have very broad and full shoulders. I can see that he probably used to have a lot of muscles on his upper body part. He also has very thick and solid legs. From my own opinion, those muscles are contributing to the amount of his weight. He claims that he started to lose many of his muscle in the arms due to herniated disc condition that he had a few months ago. Mr. William is Caucasian, and according to waist circumference guide his 37.5 inches of waist does not put him at high risk of central obesity related health problem. When I explained to him that his weight and height stats put him as an overweight individual he was not surprised. He was also notShow MoreRelatedEssay Characteristics and Behaviors of Effective Counseling1190 Words   |  5 Pages Characteristics and Behaviors of Effective Counseling Characteristics and Behaviors of Effective Counseling In order for the counseling process to be effective for the client the characteristics and behaviors of the mental health counselor must be effective. To be an effective mental health counselor the process must include both the art and science of helping clients when they struggle. 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Is Rome beautiful or is it in ruins free essay sample

Is Rome beautiful or is it in ruins? DonOt look at me; IOm hardly a likely candidate for an answer. Go ask the president of my schoolOs Latin club, who labeled her trip there both staggering and awe-inspiringO. Who could compete with that assessment? We all had to write back-to-school essays about our summer – hers wound logically around that central point, describing the myriad ways she was changed as a person by the architecture, language, and history of Roma. I do think it would serve me better to discuss cathedrals and gladiators, but I wonOt lie: I scarcely remember those things. I went to Rome and took back only my own thoughts – I suppose I lost the rest of it across the Atlantic. To be frank, I donOt even remember what Rome looked like. Oh, I know it must have been gigantic, all stone and ages, and IOm sure I must have been impressed by many a tourist attraction; itOs just, whenever I think of Rome, none of that comes to mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Rome beautiful or is it in ruins? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can only remember small details and overall emotions. For example, in the Piazza del Popolo I had gelato – pistachio, I believe – and it was absolutely delicious. As the cool sweetness hit my tongue I became immersed in one of those rare, perfect moments that happen so infrequently we only recognize them in hindsight. I was sitting on the railing around a small fountain when this tall man rushed by me forcefully enough that my cone flew from my hand and landed with a light plop into the water beside me. I laughed for the next ten minutes and threw two euro in the same fountain, believing it to be good luck. Do you want another example? My teacher once asked me to write an essay on my time as a foreign exchange student in Italy, and I related to her the way my two host sisters, seven-year-old twins, would put ‘DonOt Stop BelievingO by Journey on repeat and create elaborate dance routines that differed a little with each performance – I received an A for e ffort but was labeled ‘the weirdoO ever after. I donOt ask to remember these kinds of things, but my brain doesnOt want to keep the fact that the Colosseum was built in 80 AD or that Naples has 448 historical churches. It would much rather remember that Caligula once ordered war on Poseidon, and had his soldiers throw their spears into the water at random; or the legend of NapoliOs egg castle: how Virgil put a magical ovo in its foundations and on it a curse, spelling certain doom for the castle should the egg ever crack. So I ask you, is Rome beautiful or is it in ruins? Again, I wonOt try to answer. I will say this, though: maybe Rome is beautiful, or maybe itOs just falling apart. Maybe itOs overrated, overlooked or over the moon with recognized importance. I wouldnOt judge that; I will only tell you that the people of Rome were beautiful, from the man who broke my perfect moment to the Journey-loving twins. I once saw a girl my age get kissed on a candied moped by some ragazzo in a beret, and felt such a strong attachment to them that my eyes burned with tears. An elderly Neapolitan woman bought me a golden owl keychain at a small store because she liked my blonde hair, and in return I gave her a deck of American playing cards. My host grandmother died of cancer the day after I met her, and I remember she smelled of basil leaves and cigarette smoke. For me, these are the foundations of Italy more surely than the cobblestones or the tourist attractions. I would try to tell you about the architectu re, the language or even the history, but saying those things mattered most to me would be a lie. This is what I got from Rome, and the rest was either left or lost but what I have is no less beautiful, I think. Does that answer the question?

Free Sample on Global Connection Through Technology

Question: Discuss the global connection through technology. Answer: Cisco system is a renowned company in the field of Information Technology.. The organization was founded by Leonard Bosach and Sanfy Lerner in the year 1984 (Spangler 2013). Initially, the company started its business with different hardware products and today the main products of the organization are routers and switches. The internet has enhanced the sale of the Cisco products. In the year 1993, Pete Solvik joined Cisco system as the Chief executive Officer In the initial days, Mr. Solvik takes the decision based on databases and gradually changes to ERP solution (Spangler 2013). In the year 1994, the organization faces a serious problem because of malfunctioning of the database. Mr. Solvik and the other top management of the organization replaced all the applications and introduced an order entry system (Spangler 2013). Therefore, the organization once again tried to get back its lost position. In the year 1997, Cisco generated revenue of hundred billion US dollar. The management team of Cisco realized that only IT systems were not enough to be a leader in the field of the hardware industry. According to Young (2013), along with latest technology, educated and knowledgeable people and partners are also required. Cisco signed an agreement with KPMG as their business partner. With KPMG, Cisco conducted a market research to gain knowledge about the current system which is used in the market. Through this they came to the conclusion of using ERP products. Oracle is a leader in the field of ERP products (Gallagher and Gallagher 2012). Cisco has selected Oracle as their partner based on the discussion made with the employees and vendors. Oracle was selected based on its strong manufacturing capability and long-term development of the packages. Along with Oracle, Cisco has enjoyed the taste of success in different projects (Young, 2013). Cisco has improved in producing quality materials. However, a question arises regarding cost and time in venturing with Oracle. Auditors of Cisco system have helped the organization to solve the problem. Tom Herbert has said that Cisco needs 15 months to solve the problem. After a discussion with the entire top management, the budget was estimated at about fifteen million US dollar and a projected period of nine months. Recommendations Market research helps Cisco system to collect data from the market about the different softwares which are being recently used by different organization. Market research is also an effective tool to learn about the requirement of people and act accordingly. Information collected through different processes should be evaluated properly before any further steps are taken. Proper training to the employees is an essential strategy to complete the job effectively. The goals of the organization should be properly communicated with the employees. This will enhance the productivity of the organization. New innovative ideas introduced by the organization will have a competitive advantage over others. This will make Cisco a togh competitor in the field of technology. SWOT analysis will help Cisco to clearly its strength and weakness which will be helpful for long term strategy. References Austin, R., Nolan, R. and Cotteleer, M. 2002. Cisco Systems, Inc Implementing ERP.Harvard Business School. Gallagher, K.P. and Coleman Gallagher, V. 2012, "Organizing for post-implementation ERP",Journal of Enterprise Information Management,vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 170-185. Spangler, T. 2013, "Cisco Systems",Multichannel News,vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 8. Young, T.L. 2013,Successful project management,Fourth edn, Kogan Page Ltd, London;Philadelphia, PA;